Dysgraphia is a specific learning difficulty implicated in the ability to transcribe. It is characterized by an impairment in handwriting skills, processing written letters into words and finger sequencing. A child whose written expression and writing skills are below the expected, given a person’s age measured through intelligence and age appropriate education may have dysgraphia.

It is associated with other conditions as ADHD, speech and language disorders and developmental coordination disorder. People having dysgraphia can often write but may lack some other fine motor skills, they may find tasks such as tying shoes difficult. They usually have unusual difficulty with handwriting and spelling which in turn can tiredness when writing. Such children avoid having to take notes in class. They may also lack basic grammar and spelling skills (difficulties writing the letters p, q, b, and d), and will often write the wrong word when trying to formulate their thoughts on paper.

Children with dysgraphia usually present with the following signs:

• Cramping of fingers while writing short entries
• Odd wrist, arm, body, or paper orientations
• Excessive mistakes while writing
• Mixed upper case and lower case letters
• Inconsistent form and size of letters, or unfinished letters
• Misuse of lines and margins

• Inefficient speed of copying
• Inattentiveness over details when writing
• Frequent need of verbal cues
• Referring heavily on vision to write
• Poor legibility
• Handwriting abilities that may interfere with spelling and written composition
• Having a hard time translating ideas to writing, sometimes using the wrong words altogether

This writing difficulty stems from dysfunctions in other cognitive processes as outlined by Dr. Mel Levine which are found below:

By using Neurofeedback and Brain Training strategies, dysgraphia and its associated learning difficulties can be resolved.

Research by Walker (2012) has shown the effectiveness of neurofeedback in treating dysgraphics. During his research procedure, twenty-four individuals with refractory dysgraphia went through a quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) to determine abnormalities of critical writing areas (left frontal and central). These abnormalities were trained consequently with 5–10 sessions of neurofeedback. This was done to decrease excessive slow or fast activity in those areas. All 24 experienced significant improvement in handwriting. Two individuals who stopped the training did not improve over a similar time period.

Walker J. E.,(2012). QEEG-Guided Neurofeedback for Remediation of Dysgraphia. Biofeedback:

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Fall 2012, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 113-114

High blood Pressure is a chronic medical condition that has been recorded to be responsible for many deaths in these recent times, hypertension occurs when blood pressure is elevated in the blood vessels and the heart has to perform more work to circulate blood through the body. This increased heart functioning beyond normal may result in damage to the heart and other organs in the body. Ogah et al (2012) reported overall prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria ranges as from 8%-46.4% depending on the study target population.

Despite the high prevalence of this condition, 33% of hypertensive individuals do not know that they have high blood pressure because the condition rarely presents itself with noticeable symptoms except though a blood pressure check. This is called ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERTENSION. Though no symptoms can be seen, damages are being done to the organs of the body. That is why it is frequently called ‘the silent killer’.

It is therefore advised to check your blood pressure level on a regular basis.

Categories for Blood Pressure Levels in Adults (measured in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg)

SYMPTOMATIC HYPERTENSION (with symptoms) on the other hand may cause:

• Severe headaches
• Fatigue or confusion
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Problems with vision
• Chest pains
• Breathing problems
• Irregular heartbeat
• Blood in the urine

Health Complications of High Blood Pressure

Hypertension leading to damage of body organs shortens number of years a person is expected to live. It increases the risk of heart attacks, heart diseases, strokes and kidney failure. Untreated, hypertension can also cause blindness, irregularities of the heartbeat and heart failure. The risk of developing these complications is higher in the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes. High blood pressure during middle age may also raise the risk of cognitive decline later in life.

HRV Biofeedback as an alternative solution to High Blood Pressure

Although using medication and changing lifestyle,manages hypertension, recent research has also discovered a new way of managing the condition. This is called Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Biofeedback Training.

HRV is the difference in the time interval between heart beats. Poor breathing patterns as a result of poor posture, restrictive clothing, bad habits such as smoking, diets, stress, lack of exercise, polluted environments lead to high blood pressure. The number of breaths per minute has a direct relationship with HRV, with an increase in the number of breaths per minutes HRV is reduced. With studies showing that a low HRV is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, HRV biofeedback training can help increase HRV, thus reducing the number of breathes per minute and lowering blood pressure. Therefore the goal of this training is to reduce the number of breathes per minute through deep breathing and relaxation procedures that make your

breathing slower, deeper and regular with the use of Biofeedback devices.

Read more on HRV Biofeedback

Anxiety, Fear and Phobia are inter-related concepts such that one cannot be mentioned without the other. Fear is a normal human response to dangerous situations. Fear can be thought of as a “built-in” survival mechanism that protects us from the immediate threat of danger or uncertain or novel situations. It gives a warning regarding what we should avoid, be careful of or pay attention to.

Anxiety on the other hand is an overwhelming sense of apprehension and fear often marked by physiological signs such as, but not exclusive to, sweating, tension, “butterflies” in the stomach, increased pulse and heart rate. Anxiety can also be defined as a feeling of fear, worry, and uneasiness, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing. It is often accompanied by restlessness, fatigue, problems in concentration, and muscular tension. Anxiety is not considered to be a normal reaction to a perceived stressor although many feel it occasionally.

A phobia is an anxiety disorder that involves an intense, unreasonable fear of something or a situation that is far out of proportion to the actual danger or harm that is possible. The fear and distress lead the person to avoid the object or situation they fear. When anxieties and fears persist, problems can arise.

Examples of phobia include:

• Acrophobia- Fear of Heights
• Claustrophobia- Fear of Enclosed Spaces
• Nyctophobia- Fear of the dark
• Ophidiophophia- Fear of snakes
• Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders
• Trypanophobia- Fear of Injection or medical needles
• Astraphobia- Fear of thunder and lightning
• Nosophobia- Fear of having a disease

Apart from Specific phobias as outlined above,

when feelings of anxiety occupy our thoughts and affect our daily functioning, it may be classified as a psychiatric condition needed psychological therapy. This can be termed as Anxiety Disorders. Other anxiety disorders are:

1. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
2. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
3. Panic disorder,
4. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and
5. Social phobia (or social anxiety disorder).

The brain plays an important role in fear, anxiety and phobias. The amygdala and the hippocampus (parts of the fore brain) responsible for emotions and memory have been linked to fear, anxiety and phobias.

The amygdala is an almond-shaped structure deep in the brain that is believed to be a communications hub between the parts of the brain that process incoming sensory signals and the parts that interpret these signals. It can alert the rest of the brain that a threat is present and trigger a fear or anxiety response. The emotional memories stored in the central part of the amygdala may play a role in anxiety disorders involving very distinct fears, such as fears of dogs, spiders, or flying. The hippocampus is the part of the brain that encodes threatening events into memories. Studies have shown that the hippocampus appears to be smaller in some people who were victims of child abuse or who served in military combat.

Neurofeedback and Biofeedback therapy have proven effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Should you be experiencing any of the following:

• Are you constantly tense, worried, or on edge?
• Does your anxiety interfere with your work, school, or family responsibilities and relationships?
• Are you plagued by fears that you know are irrational ?
• Do you believe that something bad will happen if certain things aren’t done a certain way?
• Do you avoid everyday situations or activities because they cause you anxiety?
• Do you experience sudden, unexpected attacks of heart-pounding panic?
• Do you feel like danger and catastrophe are around every corner?

Then Contact Mobile Health Consult today!