Sleep-wake disorders is also called sleep disorders is described as dysfunctions with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. Sleep-wake disorders often occur along with other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders. There are several different types of sleep-wake disorders, of which insomnia is the most common. Lack of sleep and too much sleep are linked to many chronic health problems, such as heart disease and diabetes. Sleep disturbances can also be a warning sign for medical and neurological problems, such as congestive heart failure, and Parkinson’s disease.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a dangerous, shocking or traumatic event such as rape incident, war or accident, earthquake or flood. Symptoms usually begin early, within 3 months of the traumatic incident, but sometimes they begin years afterward. Symptoms must last more than a month and be severe enough to interfere with relationships or work to be considered PTSD. Bad dreams, Flashbacks- replaying the trauma over and over, Frightening thoughts, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating, are characteristics of PTSD.
Personality disorders are classes of mental illnesses characterized by inflexible and unhealthy patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Symptoms vary depending on the type of personality disorder. For example, a person with borderline personality tends to have disturbed ways of thinking, impulsive behaviour and problems controlling their emotions. They may have intense but unstable relationships and worry about people abandoning them. But a person with paranoid personality disorder finds it hard to trust others. They might think that people are lying to or manipulating them, even when there is no evidence of this happening.
Neurocognitive disorder is also known as dementia. Neurocognitive disorder involves impairments in cognitive abilities such as memory, problem solving, and perception. This type of condition is more likely to affect older people, but it is not part of the normal ageing process. It can affect younger people too.
Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, it’s a serious disorder which causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. Depressive disorder is in various forms and types from the persistent ones to the bipolar kinds. If most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks you have been experiencing some of the signs and symptoms like feelings of hopelessness or helplessness, Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities, Difficulty concentrating, Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts, Decreased energy or fatigue, you may be suffering from depression Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood.
Intellectual disability also known as learning disability or mental retardation and is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. Individuals with intellectual disability’s brain may not function within the normal range of both intellectual and adaptive functioning. They are of characterized with symptoms like failure to meet intellectual (reading, vocabulary and speaking) and motor skill (sitting, crawling, or walking) milestones, learning difficulties, inability to lead a fully independent life due to challenges communicating, taking care of themselves, or interacting with others.
